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Atomic: M.A.C. | Reference
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Zinc
Electrons per shell 2,8,18,2
Electron Configuration [Ar] 3d10 4s2 open electron config
Ground state 1S0
Atomic Volume 9.2 cm3 mol-1
Electronegativity 1.65
Magnetic ordering Diamagnetic
Mass magnetic susceptibility -2.21 x 10-9
Molar magnetic susceptibility -1.45 x 10-10
Speed of sound 3850 m s-1
Thermal Properties
Enthalpy of Atomization 129.7 kJ mol-1 @25°C
Enthalpy of Fusion 6.67 kJ mol-1
Enthalpy of Vaporisation 114.2 kJ mol-1
Heat Capacity 25.390 J mol-1 K-1
Thermal Conductivity 116 W m-1 K-1
Thermal Expansion 30.2 μm m-1 K-1
Hardness
Brinell hardness 412 MPa
Mohs hardness 2.5
Elastic Properties
Bulk modulus 70 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.25
Shear modulus 43 GPa
Young's modulus 108 GPa
Electrical Properties
Electrical resistivity 5.9 x 10-8 Ω m
Electrical conductivity 0.166 106/cm Ω
Chemical Properties
Electrochemical Equivalent 1.22 g Ah-1
Electron Work Function 4.33 eV
Valence Electron Potential (-eV) 38.9
Ionization Potential  
First 9.394
Second 17.964
Third 39.722
Optical Properties
Refractive Index (gas) 1.002050
Reflectivity %
Energy Levels
Kα1 (intensity 100) 8.63886 KeV
Kα2 (intensity 50) 8.61578 KeV
Kβ1 (intensity 20) 9.572 KeV
Lα1 (intensity 100) 1.0117 KeV
Lα2 (intensity 10) 1.0117 KeV
Lβ1 (intensity 28.6) 1.0347 KeV
Lβ3 (intensity 1) 1.107 KeV
Lβ4 (intensity 1) 1.107 KeV
Lγ3 (intensity 3) 0.906 KeV
Ll (intensity 9) 0.8843 KeV
Atomic Radii
Empirical 135 pm
Bohr Radius 142 pm
Covalent Radius 131 pm
Van der Waals 139 pm
Triple covalent No data.
Metallic 134 pm
Oxidation States
Main Zn+2
Other Zn+1
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) show graph
M - M+ 906.4
M+ - M2+ 1733.3
M2+ - M3+ 3832.6
M3+ - M4+ 5730
M4+ - M5+ 7970
M5+ - M6+ 10400
M6+ - M7+ 12900
M7+ - M8+ 16800
M8+ - M9+ 19600
M9+ - M10+ 23000
Vapour Pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K
T (K) 610 670 750 852 990 (1185)
Crystal Structure
Structure Hexagonal close packed
a = 266.49 pm
b = 266.49 pm
c = 494.68 pm
α = 90°
β = 90°
γ = 120°